An Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Hepatitis B Prevention at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria
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Background of the Study
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health concern, causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Healthcare workers, particularly nurses, are at high risk of occupational exposure due to frequent contact with blood and body fluids (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Preventive measures such as vaccination, safe injection practices, and adherence to infection control protocols are crucial in reducing the transmission of HBV.
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, is a major tertiary healthcare facility where nurses play a key role in the prevention of HBV. However, studies have shown that nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards HBV prevention vary, with some exhibiting poor awareness of risk factors and prevention strategies (Ogunyemi & Yusuf, 2023). A lack of knowledge and negative attitudes can lead to low vaccine uptake, unsafe practices, and increased infection risk among healthcare workers and patients.
This study seeks to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of nurses towards HBV prevention at ABUTH, Zaria, identify gaps in their understanding, and propose measures to enhance HBV prevention practices.
Statement of the Problem
Hepatitis B remains a significant occupational hazard for nurses in Nigeria, with many cases resulting from accidental exposure to infected blood. Despite the availability of vaccines and preventive guidelines, studies indicate that a significant number of nurses either do not complete their HBV vaccination or fail to adhere to safety precautions (Ahmed et al., 2023). At ABUTH, Zaria, it is unclear whether nurses possess adequate knowledge of HBV prevention and whether their attitudes towards safety measures influence their compliance.
A poor understanding of HBV transmission routes, coupled with a lack of adherence to infection control protocols, increases the risk of HBV outbreaks in healthcare settings. Identifying gaps in nurses’ knowledge and attitudes will help inform policies aimed at improving HBV prevention strategies in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses at ABUTH, Zaria, towards HBV prevention and propose solutions to enhance their compliance with safety measures.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses’ knowledge of HBV prevention at ABUTH, Zaria.
- To evaluate nurses' attitudes towards HBV prevention measures.
- To recommend strategies for improving HBV prevention practices among nurses.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' knowledge about HBV prevention at ABUTH, Zaria?
- How do nurses' attitudes influence their compliance with HBV prevention measures?
- What strategies can enhance nurses' adherence to HBV prevention guidelines?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses with higher knowledge of HBV prevention demonstrate better compliance with safety measures.
- Negative attitudes towards HBV vaccination reduce nurses’ adherence to prevention protocols.
- Increasing HBV awareness and mandatory vaccination will improve nurses' compliance with prevention strategies.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nurses at ABUTH, Zaria, assessing their knowledge and attitudes towards HBV prevention. Limitations may include reluctance to disclose personal vaccination status and variations in HBV awareness among different hospital departments.
Definitions of Terms
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) – A virus that causes liver infections, transmitted through blood and bodily fluids.
- HBV Prevention – Measures such as vaccination, safe injection practices, and use of protective equipment to prevent HBV transmission.
- Occupational Exposure – The risk of healthcare workers coming into contact with infectious diseases during their duties.
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